初中英语语法知识归纳：句子的分类（二）

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初中英语语法知识归纳：句子的分类（二）

　　重点

　　并列句 there be结构 复合句

　　1、并列句：由连词连接两个分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些分句平等并列，而且同等重要，能够独立成句。连接分句的有并列连词和主丛连词。

　　并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, for, while, either…or…, neither…now, not only… but also…

　　主从连词有：so, however, still, yet, then

　　并列句中的前后两句可以根据意思划分为四种关系。

　　(1) 同等关系：and / not only…but also / neither…nor…

　　He could neither read nor write.

　　He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.

　　(2) 转折关系：but / yet / still / while / when

　　Tom was not there but his brother was ( there )

　　(3) 选择关系：or / either… or…

　　Either you didn’t understand this, or you were not careful enough.

　　(4) 因果关系：for / so

　　He hurried, for it was getting dark.

　　He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him.

　　2、there be结构

　　英语中“there + be + sb. /sth.+ 地点”结构表示“某处有某人或某物”。There是引导词，本身没有意思，be是谓语动词，be后面是主语，be必须和主语的数保持一致。如：

　　There is a garden behind the house.

　　There are two books on the desk.

　　如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时，be一般和邻近的主语的数保持一致。如：

　　There is a cup and two books on the desk.

　　There are five students and a teacher in the classroom.

　　3、复合句

　　复合句中包括两个或更多的分句，其中一个分句是主句，其余的分句是从句。从句就是一个分钟在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。

　　1、主语从句

　　用作主语的从句叫作主语从句，主语从句一般都是作谓语动词的主语，偶尔也可以作分词的主语。

　　(1) 由what, that引导的主语从句

　　What she likes is watching the children play.

　　It is right that you told him the truth.

　　(2) 由连接副词whether, when, how, where, why引导主语从句。

　　Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery.

　　Whether we can help you is a difficult question.

　　When the meeting will be held has not been decided.

　　2、表语从句

　　通常由that, what, where, why, how等连接词引导。

　　(1) if, whether, that引导表语从句。

　　The question is that we must be good at learning from others.

　　(2) what, which, who等连接代词

　　That is what I want to tell you.

　　The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one.

　　(3) how, when, where, why等连接副词。

　　The question is how we can help him.

　　That is why he has been late.