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初中英语语法知识归纳:动词的时态(三)
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般将来时
(1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用:tomorrow, next week, next month, in a few days, from now on。如
I’m going to visit the museum this Sunday.
I’ll be there in half an hour.
We’ll arrive tomorrow.
(2)一般将来时的构成
① be going to + 动词原形。Be随主语人称和数的变化而变化,否定句在be后面加not, 疑问句是将be放到主语之后。例如:
It’s going to be fine tomorrow.
He isn’t going to speak at the meeting.
What are you going to do next?
② will +动词原形。Will可以和各种人称及数的主语连用。否定句在will后加not,缩写成won’t,疑问句需将will提至主语之前。例如:
We will have a basketball match next week.
Will you come to the party?
I won’t lend it to you.
③ shall + 动词原形。此结构常用于主语为第人称I / we的句中,疑问句表示提建议或征求意见。如:
When and where shall we meet ?
Shall I turn on the TV ?
(3) 一般将来时的基本用法。
① “be going to +动词原形”表示“意图”,即打算、计划要做某事。如:
Are you going to post the letter ?
How long is he going to stay here ?
② “be going to + 动词原形”还可以表示“预见”,即现在已有迹象表明将要发生的事。如:
There are a lot of clouds. It’s going to rain.
It’s 7:50. I’m going to be late.
③ “will + 动词原形”表示客观上要发生的事或表示“带意愿色彩的将来”。如:
He will help you if you ask him.
They will come back tomorrow.
过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。其结构与一般将来时类似,只需将助动词改为过去式。
am/ is/ are going to + 动词原形→was/ were going to + 动词原形
will + 动词原形→ would + 动词原形
should + 动词原形 → should + 动词原形
例如:
You knew I would come.
He asked me when he would see me again.
Jim said he was going to see his friend the next day.